Lepore and Stone do mention non-verbal evocative symbols, like the swastika and burning crosses (pp. 137-8). They suggest that while these symbols are often treated differently than words, their effects also "involve a mix of expectations, connotations, associations, analogies, and more"

On that note, the history of the swastika is quite fascinating, and it's a shame a bunch of white nationalist fascists fucked it up for everyone.

Over the last decade, pejorative language has emerged as one of the most popular topics in the philosophy of language. David Sosa's book is a collection of papers by major players in the field.

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Topics under discussion include the process by which a slur is appropriated by its target group, whether a slurring word and its neutral counterpart term encode the same semantic content, and the nature of slurs' derogatory power, specifically their capacity to express derogatory attitudes and harm their targets. In what follows I canvass several papers, raise a few challenges to the views defended therein, and point out some shortcomings and virtues of the collection as a whole.