18 votes

Republicans introduce constitutional amendment to impose term limits

27 comments

  1. [2]
    first-must-burn
    Link
    My initial reaction was "this is good, we need this, why is Ted Cruz doing it?" Here's a pretty good explainer from NPR on why there should not be term limits. Ah, that's why. Okay. My initial...

    My initial reaction was "this is good, we need this, why is Ted Cruz doing it?"

    Here's a pretty good explainer from NPR on why there should not be term limits.

    recent infighting among Republicans over who should be speaker of the U.S. House and health issues among aging members of Congress have reignited calls for federal term limits.

    Ah, that's why. Okay.

    My initial assumption was that somehow cutting out older incumbents would handycap the Democrats. Out of curiosity, I scraped some data from here to make this graph showing the fraction of US senators who have served more than X years. Here's the spreadsheet if anyone wants the data..

    This is quick and dirty, so I make no high claim of accuracy, but in terms of answering my initial question about which party would be most affected, it seems like term limits would cut out a greater fraction of Republican senators.

    Given the current trend in the Republican party, I'm assuming the appeal is that it would cut out the less radical Republicans, but I wonder if there's any data on that? I'm also curious how it would affect the progressiveness of the Democratic party. But I probably don't have the time to dig into things that far.

    12 votes
    1. Promonk
      Link Parent
      There's a further consequence as well: one of the biggest avenues for corruption of delegates is a quid pro quo arrangement whereby a delegate is offered a cushy private position within an...

      There's a further consequence as well: one of the biggest avenues for corruption of delegates is a quid pro quo arrangement whereby a delegate is offered a cushy private position within an industry or lobby for an industry after their tenure is up in exchange for favorable representation during their term. The legality of this is disputable, tending toward negative, but it's extremely difficult to enforce for various reasons.

      Term limits like this only strengthen the impulse to these arrangements unless specific proscription is included, and even then it's impossible to enforce without strict oversight and disciplinary power given to impartial parties, who in turn need to be accountable to the electorate in some way.

      I think this idea misses the mark on just what has gone wrong in electoral politics in the US. The issue isn't exactly the specific individuals holding office so much as that only two political blocs have absolute control over who is allowed the opportunity to run for federal office. This proposal does nothing to address the representational problems inherent in a political duopoly such as ours, and really only encourages new and exciting forms of corrupting processes.

      I want to make something abundantly clear: I find nearly everything the GOP advocates to be morally and ethically repugnant. The only thing keeping me from full-throated and vocal hatred of Republican agendas is my own acknowledgement that such a blanket position is a self-imposed blinkering that might blind me to functional reforms that might plausibly be presented by some fantastical GOP unicorn whose like hasn't been seen since the beginning of the last century, if not earlier.

      That said, I would lay aside my long-standing and I think well-earned distrust of GOP policy if they offered reforms that actually addressed disproportionality in representation. Expansion of the House and SCOTUS and some form of proportional voting scheme for federal office are the bare minimum reforms necessary to even begin such a process. This is not that.

      12 votes
  2. [23]
    Fal
    Link

    Republicans in Congress led by U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, introduced a joint resolution proposing a constitutional amendment to impose term limits for members of Congress.

    The amendment would limit U.S. senators to two six-year terms and U.S. House members to three two-year terms. The two-page resolution states that after the amendment is passed by Congress and ratified by the states, the amendment would go into effect “within seven years after the date of its submission by the Congress.”

    The resolution proposes that after a member of the U.S. House has served three terms, they aren’t eligible to be reelected to the House. After a U.S. senator has served two terms, they are no longer eligible to be elected or appointed to the U.S. Senate.

    “Term limits are critical to fixing what’s wrong with Washington, D.C.,” Cruz, who was just reelected to this third term in the Senate, said. “The Founding Fathers envisioned a government of citizen legislators who would serve for a few years and return home, not a government run by a small group of special interests and lifelong, permanently entrenched politicians who prey upon the brokenness of Washington to govern in a manner that is totally unaccountable to the American people. Term limits bring about long-overdue accountability. I urge my colleagues to advance this amendment to the states so that it may be quickly ratified and become a constitutional amendment.”

    11 votes
    1. [19]
      dhcrazy333
      (edited )
      Link Parent
      EDIT: See NaraVara's comments, they post studies regarding term limits not having the intended positive effects. I absolutely despise Ted Cruz (and my absolute distrust of him makes me skeptical...

      EDIT: See NaraVara's comments, they post studies regarding term limits not having the intended positive effects.

      I absolutely despise Ted Cruz (and my absolute distrust of him makes me skeptical of any legislation he introduces), but at least on the surface, this seems like a possibly good thing. I'd want to get into the weeds more but lifelong politicians tend to be problematic for numerous reasons.

      Reading the article though, apparently he's introduced this proposal a few times in the past? If so then this probably has no chance anyway. It's not like the politicians would want to actually vote against their own best interests here.

      18 votes
      1. [17]
        NaraVara
        Link Parent
        This has been studied extensively by political scientists and the verdict is pretty clear that term limits on the legislature leads to more corruption, worse legislation, and greater influence by...

        I'd want to get into the weeds more but lifelong politicians tend to be problematic for numerous reasons.

        This has been studied extensively by political scientists and the verdict is pretty clear that term limits on the legislature leads to more corruption, worse legislation, and greater influence by lobbyists.

        If you don’t want your politicians to serve too long your mechanism is to vote them out. Presumably, if their constituents keep voting for them then they must not mind them having tenure.

        28 votes
        1. [10]
          Habituallytired
          Link Parent
          Which is why we need to enforce retirement ages instead. Once you hit the age of retirement (whether you're a good or bad politician), you MUST retire. No "end of term" nonsense either.

          Which is why we need to enforce retirement ages instead. Once you hit the age of retirement (whether you're a good or bad politician), you MUST retire. No "end of term" nonsense either.

          18 votes
          1. [3]
            jackson
            Link Parent
            The problem I see here isn’t ageism, but rather that it further incentivizes politicians to increase the retirement age for their constituents. At least, that’s a problem if it’s pinned to the...

            The problem I see here isn’t ageism, but rather that it further incentivizes politicians to increase the retirement age for their constituents.

            At least, that’s a problem if it’s pinned to the social security retirement age. If congress has its own retirement age I could see it working but they could always raise it without making much of a stir.

            7 votes
            1. [2]
              Habituallytired
              Link Parent
              I think there would actually be riots (by seniors) for raising the retirement age. I don't think it's something that would be very popular, and would get people voted out. Remember, seniors are...

              I think there would actually be riots (by seniors) for raising the retirement age.

              I don't think it's something that would be very popular, and would get people voted out. Remember, seniors are the highest percentage of registered voters.

              4 votes
              1. jackson
                Link Parent
                Maybe there would. But I see politicians get away with terrible policy often enough that I'm not sure it's a certainty.

                Maybe there would. But I see politicians get away with terrible policy often enough that I'm not sure it's a certainty.

                1 vote
          2. [4]
            NaraVara
            Link Parent
            Honestly I view gerontocracy as an indicator that incumbent advantages are simply too strong and it probably has to do with the influence of money in politics (incumbents are better at fundraising...

            Honestly I view gerontocracy as an indicator that incumbent advantages are simply too strong and it probably has to do with the influence of money in politics (incumbents are better at fundraising and name recognition). If a constituency thinks their legislator is too old they should vote them out. If they continue winning then their constituents are signaling that they want them there. If this is obviously bad for them or we think that does not accurately reflect their will we should address how their will isn’t being reflected instead of trying to whack a mole at whatever output we don’t like has resulted.

            7 votes
            1. vord
              Link Parent
              You've touched on a real good point there: The real problems are poor representation, via network effects you describe as well as more nefarious things like voter suppression and gerrymandering.

              You've touched on a real good point there: The real problems are poor representation, via network effects you describe as well as more nefarious things like voter suppression and gerrymandering.

              6 votes
            2. [2]
              Habituallytired
              Link Parent
              While this is a great sentiment, you have to remember that most people, at least in the US, don't follow politics, so they either don't vote (which shame on them), or they pick the person that is...

              While this is a great sentiment, you have to remember that most people, at least in the US, don't follow politics, so they either don't vote (which shame on them), or they pick the person that is already there 1. because of name recognition like you said, o 2. because they don't know any better.

              There is also gerrymandering, and those affected most can't vote against the people who are ruining their lives.

              1 vote
              1. NaraVara
                Link Parent
                If we’re going to be this cynical about democracy, as a concept, then I don’t think merely term limiting legislators is going to be the fix.

                While this is a great sentiment, you have to remember that most people, at least in the US, don't follow politics, so they either don't vote (which shame on them), or they pick the person that is already there 1. because of name recognition like you said, o 2. because they don't know any better.

                If we’re going to be this cynical about democracy, as a concept, then I don’t think merely term limiting legislators is going to be the fix.

                1 vote
          3. [2]
            first-must-burn
            Link Parent
            That seems a lot more reasonable!

            That seems a lot more reasonable!

            6 votes
            1. AugustusFerdinand
              Link Parent
              And someone popping in complaining how it's ageism in 3... 2... 1...

              And someone popping in complaining how it's ageism in 3... 2... 1...

              6 votes
        2. [6]
          AugustusFerdinand
          Link Parent
          Sources? Trying to imagine how they can study something that's never happened at the Federal level.

          This has been studied extensively by political scientists and the verdict is pretty clear that term limits on the legislature leads to more corruption, worse legislation, and greater influence by lobbyists.

          Sources?
          Trying to imagine how they can study something that's never happened at the Federal level.

          2 votes
          1. [2]
            first-must-burn
            Link Parent
            I linked this NPR explainer in my top-level post. There are states with term limits, so they've been able to do competitive research between states with and without limits.

            I linked this NPR explainer in my top-level post. There are states with term limits, so they've been able to do competitive research between states with and without limits.

            15 votes
            1. AugustusFerdinand
              Link Parent
              Thanks, hadn't seen that prior to commenting.

              Thanks, hadn't seen that prior to commenting.

              3 votes
          2. [2]
            koopa
            (edited )
            Link Parent
            Many states such as California have tried term limits on their legislature which achieved little of the desired effect and instead ended up weakening the power of the legislature to the deference...

            Many states such as California have tried term limits on their legislature which achieved little of the desired effect and instead ended up weakening the power of the legislature to the deference of governors and lobbyists. So if you want a more powerful presidency and more influential lobbyists then sure add term limits to Congress, but I don’t think that’s the outcome people are hoping for. https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/do-political-term-limits-work-387692/

            If you want more democratic results in the US you’d be far better served by increasing the size of the House of Representatives or if you’re going to go through the trouble of a constitutional amendment, abolishing the senate completely.

            10 votes
            1. raze2012
              Link Parent
              we've been far overdue to increase the House. I hope the "the building can't house all of us" isn't an excuse anymore. I doubt eliminating the senate will get much popular attention. The situation...

              we've been far overdue to increase the House. I hope the "the building can't house all of us" isn't an excuse anymore.

              I doubt eliminating the senate will get much popular attention. The situation hasn't fundamentally change even over 200 year. We'd unironically have an easier time limiting lobbying funding.

              Also, since it's talked about above, Age limits is inbetween. But it pretty much requires an inversion on traditional voting patterns. People that are already past whatever age limit we have will resist it, and older people tend to turnout more.

              6 votes
          3. NaraVara
            Link Parent
            It’s a pretty consensus finding among comparativists. The most common examples are from Mexico because their term limits were extreme and almost universal. But there are comparisons between US...

            It’s a pretty consensus finding among comparativists. The most common examples are from Mexico because their term limits were extreme and almost universal. But there are comparisons between US states as well. The effects and the mechanisms don’t really matter much whether it’s the federal level or not. The fact is that legislation is a skill that requires, experience, knowledge, and contacts all of which require tenure. If you don’t allow legislators to accrue tenure then power will flow to those who do, which are unaccountable deep state figures and lobbyists.

            And as just a conceptual idea it falls on its face. If the goal is to have outcomes that are more democratic and accountable to the people, you need to hold legislators accountable to the people rather than allocating duties by fixed formulas.

            4 votes
      2. vord
        (edited )
        Link Parent
        Also, looking at those proposed numbers. A house rep could serve a maximum of 6 years. A senator could serve 12. That is incredibly low. That'd be reasonable if we never expect anybody younger...

        Also, looking at those proposed numbers.

        A house rep could serve a maximum of 6 years.

        A senator could serve 12.

        That is incredibly low. That'd be reasonable if we never expect anybody younger than 50 to run for Senate.

        I've been at my job 12 years, as a more-or-less grunt, not even management. It took a solid 4 years just to really get a handle on the broader institution beyond just daily job functions, and I didn't even have a fraction of the responsibility or complexity a representative would have.

        This proposal would insure we get nothing but cronies and nepobabies holding office....even worse than we do now.

        3 votes
    2. [3]
      AugustusFerdinand
      Link Parent
      One of the many barking dogs of Texas, keeps barking. News at 11. Not that I'm necessarily opposed to this amendment, just expecting the same thing that's happened for the last 8 years: Nothing

      Sen. Cruz previously introduced resolutions to propose a Constitutional Amendment to impose term limits in 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023.

      One of the many barking dogs of Texas, keeps barking. News at 11.

      Not that I'm necessarily opposed to this amendment, just expecting the same thing that's happened for the last 8 years: Nothing

      12 votes
      1. vord
        Link Parent
        Cruz should lead by example and never run for office again.

        Cruz should lead by example and never run for office again.

        3 votes
      2. agentsquirrel
        Link Parent
        Indeed. Cruz is just looking to be perceived as a champion of term limits. He knows it will never pass and he himself likely opposes them, but he knows he can use this to say the "Demoncrats"...

        Indeed. Cruz is just looking to be perceived as a champion of term limits. He knows it will never pass and he himself likely opposes them, but he knows he can use this to say the "Demoncrats" opposed him and term limits.

        1 vote
  3. [2]
    MimicSquid
    Link
    So we'd see a congressman serve for 6 years in their district, and then fight for 12 more years in the senate? It could be worse. I'd be interested to see what the demographics of the people who'd...

    So we'd see a congressman serve for 6 years in their district, and then fight for 12 more years in the senate? It could be worse. I'd be interested to see what the demographics of the people who'd be termed out by this change are, though. It's perhaps unfairly biased of me, but I can't trust that Raphael "Ted" Cruz might do a potentially good thing without a cynical reason.

    7 votes
    1. AugustusFerdinand
      Link Parent
      Without digging too far, here is a list of Reps and Senators that would be retired from their currently held positions. Unknown how many of these could run for the other side of Congress to get...

      Without digging too far, here is a list of Reps and Senators that would be retired from their currently held positions. Unknown how many of these could run for the other side of Congress to get the other terms.

      House: 186 gone, 102 Dems, 84 Repubs
      District Representative Party
      Kentucky 5 Hal Rogers Republican
      Maryland 5 Steny Hoyer Democratic
      New Jersey 4 Chris Smith Republican
      Ohio 9 Marcy Kaptur Democratic
      California 11 Nancy Pelosi Democratic
      New Jersey 6 Frank Pallone Democratic
      Massachusetts 1 Richard Neal Democratic
      California 43 Maxine Waters Democratic
      Connecticut 3 Rosa DeLauro Democratic
      New York 12 Jerry Nadler Democratic
      California 41 Ken Calvert Republican
      Georgia 2 Sanford Bishop Democratic
      Mississippi 2 Bennie Thompson Democratic
      New York 7 Nydia Velázquez Democratic
      South Carolina 6 Jim Clyburn Democratic
      Virginia 3 Bobby Scott Democratic
      Oklahoma 3 Frank Lucas Republican
      California 18 Zoe Lofgren Democratic
      Texas 37 Lloyd Doggett Democratic
      Alabama 4 Robert Aderholt Republican
      California 32 Brad Sherman Democratic
      Colorado 1 Diana DeGette Democratic
      Illinois 7 Danny Davis Democratic
      Massachusetts 2 Jim McGovern Democratic
      Washington 9 Adam Smith Democratic
      New York 5 Gregory Meeks Democratic
      California 4 Mike Thompson Democratic
      Connecticut 1 John B. Larson Democratic
      Idaho 2 Mike Simpson Republican
      Illinois 9 Jan Schakowsky Democratic
      Massachusetts 8 Stephen F. Lynch Democratic
      Minnesota 4 Betty McCollum Democratic
      Missouri 6 Sam Graves Republican
      South Carolina 2 Joe Wilson Republican
      Washington 2 Rick Larsen Democratic
      Alabama 3 Mike Rogers Republican
      Arizona 7 Raúl Grijalva Democratic
      California 38 Linda Sánchez Democratic
      Florida 26 Mario Díaz-Balart Republican
      Georgia 13 David Scott Democratic
      Ohio 10 Mike Turner Republican
      Oklahoma 4 Tom Cole Republican
      Texas 31 John Carter Republican
      California 7 Doris Matsui Democratic
      California 21 Jim Costa Democratic
      Florida 25 Debbie Wasserman Schultz Democratic
      Missouri 5 Emanuel Cleaver Democratic
      North Carolina 5 Virginia Foxx Republican
      Texas 9 Al Green Democratic
      Texas 10 Michael McCaul Republican
      Texas 28 Henry Cuellar Democratic
      Wisconsin 4 Gwen Moore Democratic
      Connecticut 2 Joe Courtney Democratic
      Florida 12 Gus Bilirakis Republican
      Florida 14 Kathy Castor Democratic
      Florida 16 Vern Buchanan Republican
      Georgia 4 Hank Johnson Democratic
      Nebraska 3 Adrian Smith Republican
      New York 9 Yvette Clarke Democratic
      Ohio 4 Jim Jordan Republican
      Ohio 5 Bob Latta Republican
      Tennessee 9 Steve Cohen Democratic
      Virginia 1 Rob Wittman Republican
      Indiana 7 André Carson Democratic
      Louisiana 1 Steve Scalise Republican
      California 5 Tom McClintock Republican
      California 8 John Garamendi Democratic
      California 28 Judy Chu Democratic
      Connecticut 4 Jim Himes Democratic
      Illinois 5 Mike Quigley Democratic
      Kentucky 2 Brett Guthrie Republican
      Maine 1 Chellie Pingree Democratic
      New York 20 Paul Tonko Democratic
      Pennsylvania 15 Glenn Thompson Republican
      Virginia 11 Gerry Connolly Democratic
      Alabama 7 Terri Sewell Democratic
      Arizona 1 David Schweikert Republican
      Arizona 9 Paul Gosar Republican
      Arkansas 1 Rick Crawford Republican
      Arkansas 3 Steve Womack Republican
      Florida 11 Daniel Webster Republican
      Florida 24 Frederica Wilson Democratic
      Georgia 8 Austin Scott Republican
      Maryland 1 Andy Harris Republican
      Massachusetts 9 Bill Keating Democratic
      Michigan 4 Bill Huizenga Republican
      Michigan 5 Tim Walberg Republican
      Nevada 2 Mark Amodei Republican
      Pennsylvania 16 Mike Kelly Republican
      Tennessee 3 Chuck Fleischmann Republican
      Tennessee 4 Scott DesJarlais Republican
      Virginia 9 Morgan Griffith Republican
      Kentucky 4 Thomas Massie Republican
      Oregon 1 Suzanne Bonamici Democratic
      Washington 1 Suzan DelBene Democratic
      California 1 Doug LaMalfa Republican
      California 2 Jared Huffman Democratic
      California 6 Ami Bera Democratic
      California 14 Eric Swalwell Democratic
      California 25 Raul Ruiz Democratic
      California 26 Julia Brownley Democratic
      California 39 Mark Takano Democratic
      California 50 Scott Peters Democratic
      California 52 Juan Vargas Democratic
      Florida 22 Lois Frankel Democratic
      Illinois 2 Robin Kelly Democratic
      Illinois 11 Bill Foster Democratic
      Kentucky 6 Andy Barr Republican
      Massachusetts 5 Katherine Clark Democratic
      Missouri 2 Ann Wagner Republican
      Missouri 8 Jason Smith Republican
      Nevada 1 Dina Titus Democratic
      New York 6 Grace Meng Democratic
      New York 8 Hakeem Jeffries Democratic
      North Carolina 9 Richard Hudson Republican
      Ohio 3 Joyce Beatty Democratic
      Ohio 14 David Joyce Republican
      Pennsylvania 10 Scott Perry Republican
      Texas 14 Randy Weber Republican
      Texas 20 Joaquin Castro Democratic
      Texas 25 Roger Williams Republican
      Texas 33 Marc Veasey Democratic
      Wisconsin 2 Mark Pocan Democratic
      New Jersey 1 Donald Norcross Democratic
      North Carolina 12 Alma Adams Democratic
      Alabama 6 Gary Palmer Republican
      Arkansas 2 French Hill Republican
      Arkansas 4 Bruce Westerman Republican
      California 10 Mark DeSaulnier Democratic
      California 33 Pete Aguilar Democratic
      California 35 Norma Torres Democratic
      California 36 Ted Lieu Democratic
      Georgia 1 Buddy Carter Republican
      Georgia 11 Barry Loudermilk Republican
      Georgia 12 Rick Allen Republican
      Illinois 12 Mike Bost Republican
      Illinois 16 Darin LaHood Republican
      Massachusetts 6 Seth Moulton Democratic
      Michigan 2 John Moolenaar Republican
      Michigan 6 Debbie Dingell Democratic
      Minnesota 6 Tom Emmer Republican
      Mississippi 1 Trent Kelly Republican
      New Jersey 12 Bonnie Watson Coleman Democratic
      New York 21 Elise Stefanik Republican
      North Carolina 7 David Rouzer Republican
      Pennsylvania 2 Brendan Boyle Democratic
      Texas 36 Brian Babin Republican
      Virginia 8 Don Beyer Democratic
      Washington 4 Dan Newhouse Republican
      Wisconsin 6 Glenn Grothman Republican
      Kentucky 1 James Comer Republican
      Ohio 8 Warren Davidson Republican
      Pennsylvania 3 Dwight Evans Democratic
      Arizona 5 Andy Biggs Republican
      California 17 Ro Khanna Democratic
      California 19 Jimmy Panetta Democratic
      California 24 Salud Carbajal Democratic
      California 34 Jimmy Gomez Democratic
      California 44 Nanette Barragán Democratic
      California 46 Lou Correa Democratic
      Florida 2 Neal Dunn Republican
      Florida 5 John Rutherford Republican
      Florida 9 Darren Soto Democratic
      Florida 21 Brian Mast Republican
      Illinois 8 Raja Krishnamoorthi Democratic
      Illinois 10 Brad Schneider Democratic
      Kansas 4 Ron Estes Republican
      Louisiana 3 Clay Higgins Republican
      Louisiana 4 Mike Johnson Republican
      Maryland 8 Jamie Raskin Democratic
      Michigan 1 Jack Bergman Republican
      Nebraska 2 Don Bacon Republican
      New Jersey 5 Josh Gottheimer Democratic
      New York 13 Adriano Espaillat Democratic
      Pennsylvania 1 Brian Fitzpatrick Republican
      Pennsylvania 11 Lloyd Smucker Republican
      South Carolina 5 Ralph Norman Republican
      Tennessee 8 David Kustoff Republican
      Texas 19 Jodey Arrington Republican
      Texas 34 Vicente Gonzalez Democratic
      Washington 7 Pramila Jayapal Democratic
      New York 25 Joseph Morelle Democratic
      Ohio 12 Troy Balderson Republican
      Oklahoma 1 Kevin Hern Republican
      Pennsylvania 5 Mary Gay Scanlon Democratic
      Texas 27 Michael Cloud Republican
      Senate: 38 gone, 18 Dems, 19 Repubs, & Bernie Sanders
      State Senator Party
      Iowa Chuck Grassley Republican
      Kentucky Mitch McConnell Republican
      Washington Patty Murray Democratic
      Oregon Ron Wyden Democratic
      Illinois Dick Durbin Democratic
      Maine Susan Collins Republican
      Rhode Island Jack Reed Democratic
      Idaho Mike Crapo Republican
      New York Chuck Schumer Democratic
      Delaware Chris Coons Democratic
      Michigan Gary Peters Democratic
      Washington Maria Cantwell Democratic
      Texas John Cornyn Republican
      Alaska Lisa Murkowski Republican
      South Carolina Lindsey Graham Republican
      South Dakota John Thune Republican
      Maryland Chris Van Hollen Democratic
      Minnesota Amy Klobuchar "Democratic
      Montana Steve Daines Republican
      Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic
      Vermont Bernie Sanders Independent[m]
      Wyoming John Barrasso Republican
      Mississippi Roger Wicker Republican
      Idaho Jim Risch Republican
      New Hampshire Jeanne Shaheen Democratic
      Oregon Jeff Merkley Democratic
      Virginia Mark Warner Democratic
      Colorado Michael Bennet Democratic
      New York Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic
      Arkansas John Boozman Republican
      Florida Marco Rubio Republican
      Kansas Jerry Moran Republican
      Kentucky Rand Paul Republican
      North Dakota John Hoeven Republican
      Utah Mike Lee Republican
      Wisconsin Ron Johnson Republican
      Connecticut Richard Blumenthal Democratic
      Hawaii Brian Schatz Democratic
      9 votes