24 votes

Illiteracy is a policy choice: why aren’t we gathering behind Mississippi’s banner?

11 comments

  1. skybrian
    Link
    From the article: ... ... ... ... ... ...

    From the article:

    In my home state of California, for instance, only 30% of public school fourth graders can read proficiently. Fully 41% cannot even read at a basic level — which is to say, they cannot really understand and interpret written text at all. Eighth graders, as you might expect, look almost as bad.

    These numbers have been tumbling downhill in California and more widely across the U.S. for years now, and not just because of school closures during the pandemic. Nationwide, reading scores for fourth graders peaked back in 2015, and while the especially ugly 2022 outcomes were dismissed at first as COVID-19 outliers, scores have fallen further since. The decline is the worst for the kids who were already struggling; the test scores of the bottom 10% of students have dropped catastrophically.

    But scores are not slipping everywhere. In Mississippi, they have been rising year over year. The state recovered from a brief decline during COVIDand has now surpassed its pre-COVID highs. Its fourth grade students outperform California’s on average, even though our state is richer, more educated, and spends about 50% more per pupil.

    The difference is most pronounced if you look at the most disadvantaged students. In California, only 28% of Black fourth graders read at or above basic level, for instance, compared to 52% in Mississippi. But it’s not just that Mississippi has raised the floor. It has also raised the ceiling: The state is also one of the nation’s best performers when you look at students who are not “economically disadvantaged.”

    ...

    [M]any people who aren’t too focused on education policy seem to imagine Mississippi has simply stopped underperforming, that they’re now doing about as well as everyone else.

    This is not true. They haven’t just caught up to your state; they are now wildly outperforming it. If you live where I do, in Oakland, California, and you cannot afford private education, you should be seriously considering moving to Mississippi for the substantially better public schools. Black students are as likely to be basic-or-above readers in Mississippi (where the median Black household income was $37,900 in 2023) as in national top performer Massachusetts (where the median Black household income was $67,000 in 2022.)

    ...

    Mississippi’s success is exciting. But perhaps even more exciting is that other states have achieved strong results with the same basic playbook. Louisiana clawed its way from 49th in the 2019 state rankings to 32nd (in fourth grade, where reforms are often visible the soonest, it went from 42nd in 2022 to 16th). Tennessee made it into the top 25 states for the first time.

    ...

    This is the part of the story that has gotten the most attention — teach phonics! And you should, indeed, teach phonics. But making schools adopt the approach took more than a mere nudge. The Southern Surge states have tried earmarked funding, guidance to districts, and outright mandates to accomplish universal adoption.

    ...

    The second pillar, White told me, is “a scaled system of training those teachers on that curriculum — most teaching you get as a teacher is not training on the curriculum.”

    Teachers, of course, already undergo a lot of training — and it’s mostly a waste of their time. That’s not because teacher training is unimportant but because we’re training them in the wrong things.

    Billions of dollars are spent — and largely wasted — every year on professional development for teachers that is curriculum-agnostic, i.e., aimed at generic, disembodied teaching skills without reference to any specific curriculum.

    ...

    Mississippi improved its training through a 2013 law mandating that elementary school teachers receive instruction in the science of reading. It also sent coaches directly into low-performing classrooms to guide teachers on how to use material. “Mississippi started with teacher training. Tennessee and Louisiana added teacher training in different years,” Karen Vaites, founder of the Curriculum Insight Project, told me. Without the training, the effort to find and buy high-quality curricula can go to waste.

    The third pillar is everyone’s least favorite, but it’s equally crucial. “Number three is clear accountability at the district level, at the school level, at the educator level, and at the student and parent level,” White said.

    Accountability, of course, means standardized tests, requirements that students master reading before they are advanced to the fourth grade, and rankings of schools on performance. Accountability is no fun; when there aren’t active political currents pushing for it, it tends to erode. But it’s badly needed.

    ...

    In Mississippi, a child who isn’t capable of reading at the end of third grade has to repeat the grade — a policy called third grade retention. Alabama and Tennessee have implemented it too. Research has found that third grade retention doesn’t harm students in non-academic ways and tends to help them academically — but, of course, it’s upsetting for kids, frustrating for families, and unpleasant for educators. Unfortunately, that’s probably part of why it works.

    “What matters most is not the students who are retained, but what the policy does to adult behavior,” education reporter Chad Aldeman argued. “Mississippi required schools to notify parents when their child was off track and to craft individual reading plans for those with reading deficiencies. In other words, the threat of retention may have shifted behavior in important ways.”

    21 votes
  2. raze2012
    Link
    Ahh, so that's where we're doomed. No one wants to train anyone anywhere these days. And the pay as is is so pitiful for the work needed to be a licensed teacher. Doing any of these adjustments...

    The second pillar, White told me, is “a scaled system of training those teachers on that curriculum — most teaching you get as a teacher is not training on the curriculum.”

    Ahh, so that's where we're doomed. No one wants to train anyone anywhere these days. And the pay as is is so pitiful for the work needed to be a licensed teacher. Doing any of these adjustments basically requires a teacher to do even more work off the clock to get stuff ready.

    And as expected, what training they do get is very subpar:

    Teachers, of course, already undergo a lot of training — and it’s mostly a waste of their time. That’s not because teacher training is unimportant but because we’re training them in the wrong things.

    Billions of dollars are spent — and largely wasted — every year on professional development for teachers that is curriculum-agnostic, i.e., aimed at generic, disembodied teaching skills without reference to any specific curriculum.

    I work adjacent to teachers atm and can defintiely confirm. Workshops and online trainings that's more there to CYA than really help prepare a curriculum for the students. You just need to figure out the best approach for your actual subjects, and anyone can tell you you can't teach math the same way you teach history.

    And yea, politics:

    “This is just a politically awkward story,” education policy expert Andy Rotherham told me. “It’s all these red states. This is a very ideological field. People struggle with calling balls and strikes.”

    Vaites agreed. “I think the story is going untold for the same reason journalists ignored the successful school reopening stories in Florida and the rest of the Sun Belt in August 2020: The appetite to tell positive stories in red states is low.”

    I really, REALLY hate this mentality. The whole point of the "scientific method" should be to not assume results before doing the experiments. Well, others have done the experiments for you. If you want to critique the approach, find flaws in their approach, or find point out actual discepucies in their environment. I don't hate the unhinged policies DeSantis makes because "Red State". It's because I can identify the incentives and harm and how they are inverse with what a leader should be doing for their people.

    "Red state" or "Blue state" doesn't matter for the process of learning.

    14 votes
  3. unkz
    Link
    This is some tricky statistics going on and I don’t know if we will be able to get an answer cleanly right now. What Mississippi has done is redefine what a fourth grader is by holding kids back...

    This is some tricky statistics going on and I don’t know if we will be able to get an answer cleanly right now. What Mississippi has done is redefine what a fourth grader is by holding kids back in the third grade, so it’s difficult to say if there is an actual improvement or if they are just seeing the effect of an extra year of school and an extra year of mental development. You would see a drastic improvement in measured fourth grade reading ability by simply holding back kids with a random lottery, for example.

    It will be a few years before we can look at the long term outcomes.

    11 votes
  4. [7]
    Eric_the_Cerise
    Link
    I just did a quick glance -- there's quite a lot there -- but just at a glance, it doesn't look like the actual NAEP report that this article is based on (linked to in the first sentence) ... it...

    I just did a quick glance -- there's quite a lot there -- but just at a glance, it doesn't look like the actual NAEP report that this article is based on (linked to in the first sentence) ... it doesn't seem to actually show the results that this article claims.

    Probably, I just missed some particular subsection or some graph failed to load for me (what sites still depend on Flash?!?) ... but what I saw was that Mississippi is merely doing nicely-about-average compared to the rest of the country -- which, great for them, but hardly a miracle.

    7 votes
    1. [4]
      Papavk
      Link Parent
      I think the miracle is that they went from 49th to average in a relatively short time. If all underperforming states can replicate this, it would be a huge turnaround.

      I think the miracle is that they went from 49th to average in a relatively short time. If all underperforming states can replicate this, it would be a huge turnaround.

      5 votes
      1. [2]
        tibpoe
        Link Parent
        Unfortunately, it seems what's really happening here is that everyone else got worse, particularly between 2019 and 2024. All the reforms listed in the article seem extremely reasonable though,...

        Unfortunately, it seems what's really happening here is that everyone else got worse, particularly between 2019 and 2024.

        All the reforms listed in the article seem extremely reasonable though, and it's very sad to see so many kids being left behind.

        5 votes
        1. Papavk
          Link Parent
          Thanks for sharing! There certainly does appear to be an aspect of this that shows others getting worse. But you do see overall improvement from MS, AL and other nearby states that show...

          Thanks for sharing! There certainly does appear to be an aspect of this that shows others getting worse. But you do see overall improvement from MS, AL and other nearby states that show improvement over the last ten to twenty years.

          Interestingly, CA the reference in the OP is basically flat over the course of the last twenty years.

          I remember reading the nyt article and mostly coming away with this being a story of southern states quickly embracing a return to phonics based reading instruction where other states are still in the process of phasing out the old, terrible curriculum.

          3 votes
      2. Eric_the_Cerise
        Link Parent
        Article mentions Louisiana went from 49th to, I think, 7th place nationally in just a few years ... I didn't see anything refuting that in the NAEP, but I couldn't find any chart that showed that,...

        Article mentions Louisiana went from 49th to, I think, 7th place nationally in just a few years ... I didn't see anything refuting that in the NAEP, but I couldn't find any chart that showed that, either.

        Generally, I couldn't find anything that showed state-by-state rankings for any year, let alone year-to-year comparisons.

    2. [2]
      1338
      Link Parent
      Where are you seeing flash? The graphs I see are SVG based.

      Probably, I just missed some particular subsection or some graph failed to load for me (what sites still depend on Flash?!?)

      Where are you seeing flash? The graphs I see are SVG based.

      1. Eric_the_Cerise
        Link Parent
        I didn't see Flash ... I got a browser warning that, since Flash is not supported, I won't see the whole page.

        I didn't see Flash ... I got a browser warning that, since Flash is not supported, I won't see the whole page.

  5. Grzmot
    Link
    This feels like a weird dig that the author admits is unfounded ("maybe"), especially when every single exchange student I've talked to that went from Europe to the US, from multiple different...

    And maybe our schools are doing OK compared with Europe, a continent that has barely experienced economic growth in the last several decades. But they’re doing poorly compared with what we know can be achieved.

    This feels like a weird dig that the author admits is unfounded ("maybe"), especially when every single exchange student I've talked to that went from Europe to the US, from multiple different central/western EU countries described to me at great length how utterly dogshit the system over there is. Like, I'm open to having my mind changed on this, but then at least cite your reasons for writing this short paragraph. It just seems out of place to the rest of the article.

    7 votes