Today's problem description: https://adventofcode.com/2025/day/2

Please post your solutions in your own top-level comment. Here's a template you can copy-paste into your comment to format it nicely, with the code collapsed by default inside an expandable section with syntax highlighting (you can replace python with any of the "short names" listed in this page of supported languages):

<details>
<summary>Part 1</summary>

```python
Your code here.
```

</details>

Hi!

I've decided to move some of my selfhosted things from on-prem (at home ;)) to the cloud, and at the same time I'd like to try and run this in EU, or at least europe. I'd like to get started fairly quickly as this was prompted by one of my home servers halfway dying on me.

The features I'm most interested in are approximately:

• Virtual machines.
• Storage. Cheap long term for backups (similar to S3 Glacier).
• Managed DB, most likely postgresql.
• Serverless jobs (similar to AWS lambda).
• IaaS (I've got a bit of experience with terraform, but it doesn't have to be that).
• Builtin monitoring.
• Git hosting, it's likely that I'll just go with github/gitlab here, but if there's a nice alternative I'm up for it.
• Automated sending of email. I'm using AWS SES atm, and I'm very happy with it.

Some other things:

• I intend to run a combination of services written by others, e.g. nextcloud and software I've written myself.
• I'll most likely be running linux only, but I prefer to select my own flavour where it makes sense.
• I much prefer managing permissions and users in gcp than in aws as I find aws way too complicated for my needs while gcp mostly just makes sense.
• I'd prefer a platform that's being developed and improving over time with big potential for the future.
• This is a hobby project, and some of these requirements may seem a bit contradictory or non-optimal, but that's ok.
• I have some experience running kubernetes (self-hosted), and I'm not a huge fan of the complexity and yaml files, at the same time OpenStack is getting kinda old, and I don't know if I think it's a platform for the future. But from what I see most of the options seems to be built on top of one of those.
• Cheaper is of course better, I don't have a company-sized budget, this is all coming out of my "hobby pocket".
• I live in Sweden, so datacenters geographically close is a plus.

Right now I'm looking at European alternatives to Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Scaleway is looking the most promising, but I'm really skimming the top when it comes to info atm.

Hope that makes sense =) I'm interested in all kinds of feedback.

Today's problem description: https://adventofcode.com/2025/day/1

Please post your solutions in your own top-level comment. Here's a template you can copy-paste into your comment to format it nicely, with the code collapsed by default inside an expandable section with syntax highlighting (you can replace python with any of the "short names" listed in this page of supported languages):

<details>
<summary>Part 1</summary>

```python
Your code here.
```

</details>

With Advent of Code upon us, I wanted to check out how everyone is planning on participating. If you hadn't heard, this year has been shortened to 12 days along with the removal of the global leaderboard.

• Any changes to how you'll approach this year based on the updated format?
• Are you using an interesting language/approach?
• Any goals you're setting for yourself?

I'm a sucker for puzzles in general, but I also love hearing about everyone else's experiences, so I'm excited to hear what y'all are looking forward to!

Looking to buy a new laptop, and of the model I'd like (thinkpad carbon x1), it seems like I can choose one with or without an NPU.

My surface-level understanding is they make built in AI processing and a couple other niche uses more efficient. Flip side, they're maybe a marketing gimmick?

Price aside (price difference doesn't seem too great), I'm wondering: should I buy a model with an NPU to help potentially future proof? Are there potential downsides to an npu model? Upsides?

I know there are lots of technical people here, I'd love to hear your thoughts or experiences!

I recently “upgraded” my wife’s computer, since it was about 7 years old and I think the WiFi chip in the motherboard was starting to go (and the motherboard wasn’t Windows 10 compatible either, and she wanted to upgrade to Windows 11).

Of course, upgrading the motherboard to the latest WiFi standards meant upgrading the CPU (also swapped from Intel to AMD), which resulted in getting new RAM as well (a rough time for that, given the prices).

All of that to say, I’m now sitting on a mostly functional old motherboard, cpu, and ram. Basically an entire computer sans case and power supply (I’m sure I have a hard drive laying around somewhere).

Any thoughts on what I could do with it? I’d thought of trying to build out a NAS (or some other home server of sorts), but I’ve been thinking that for 2 years and haven’t done it yet because I haven’t really found a “need” for one. I basically just use my computer for gaming, and I don’t really have or plan to have media collections with seem to be the main use case of a hobby NAS.

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

Turns out Google has been ruining Drive's speed by ramming Gemini down our throats (again). To get stuff loading quickly again, follow these steps:

From the Google Drive page, go to settings (top right, gear icon). Drop into "Manage Apps."

Find Gemini and uncheck "Use as Default." Of course it's automatically turned on despite my organization and my personal accounts having already opted out of Gemini. Once it's off things run much, much faster.

Presumably they're doing some dumb shit and having Gemini scan the contents of your entire drive, constantly.

I've gotten very tired of fighting the GUI of my company's self-hosted charts.io instance, so I've been looking around at diagramming tools. I saw D2 posted on Hacker News, which seems like an interesting option, but I'm curious if anyone around here has a beloved tool to recommend.

I think my main use-case would be diagramming how components of a software system go together, although sometimes I'm interested in making wiring diagrams and stuff, too. Something that lets you specify overall dimension constraints for diagrams would probably help, since I often need to throw a diagram into a PowerPoint.

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

I've been trying to use Gimp to replace other options for years now, but it feels so abstruse and severely inefficient. I used to use Photoshop around 15 years ago but have stuck with Paint.NET since - my problem is that I now use Linux and paint.net isn't available natively. I was using Pinta, but it just is like temu paint.net, and I wanted something more/better (also it has a number of bugs that can easily frustrate me and often crash/hang when doing work on larger files or for longer times).

And for decades, people (both Windows and Linux users) have tried selling me on Gimp. I've tried over and over to get into it, but nothing made sense and it took way longer to do simple things than I thought it ought... but I'm trying for reals about 10 years since my last attempt.

Please does anyone have a page that explains how to do things without everything being convoluted? There seem to be no ways to turn commands into keybinds or icons I can just click, and all the keyboard shortcuts I find are in relation to nothing I want to do. Ultimately, I prefer keyboard shortcuts, but I can do icons as well.

Latest example: I want to draw a rectangle outline. Should be simple, but there is no tool to draw shapes (at least that I can find, and the tutorials online don't seem to imply the existence of one either). Okay... I have to select the rectangle select, then I have to go to the menu (Edit) and choose Stroke Selection... which pops up another menu with a ton of options. That's great and all, but in every other program I've ever used (even MS Paint!) you just click an icon and make the rectangle. If you want to alter the shape or something you right click or hold click, or maybe you can bring up a menu. But if I want to make a number of rectangles over and over? Even with keyboard shortcuts I have to make the rectangle (no issues there), then click Edit, "s" apparently takes me to the stroke menu, then enter. Bloated at best.

So, if anyone has a good tutorial or something similar that can help me out here, or an alternative Linux-based raster graphics editor that is free, I would greatly appreciate to know of it/them. I really want to like Gimp, and I'm hoping someone here can either help me get into it or direct me elsewhere. Thanks!

Edit: I realise I forgot to mention, I did use Krita for a bit. It felt like an in between Pinta and Paint.NET, but iirc, it crashed somewhat often or had enough bugs that I went back to Pinta.

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

For a while now I have used VSCodium- which is just Microsoft's VSCode, but with as much of the telemetry stripped out (or rather, not built-in in the first place) as possible- but I've found myself with a desire to move away from Electron-based apps for a number of reasons.

Primarily, I'm ideologically opposed to the trend in which everything is an Electron-based web app packaged as a "desktop application", but on a slightly more functional note, Electron seems to behave poorly in Wayland contexts, especially on Arm64 devices.

In terms of feature set, I'm not too interested in complexity. Something open-source, relatively clean / light-weight, capable of providing a project overview and a number of tabbed or vsplit / hsplit buffers. Something with comprehensive syntax highlighting and some form of language server interface. Something theme-able, and good to look at, with relatively intuitive or well-established keyboard shortcuts. I don't much care for integrated terminals, extensive debugging tooling, or any form of built-in AI assistant.

I have been trying out Micro, with a set of plugins which allow for a project overview, a language server, and a number of other QOL improvements, but it has a list of breaking issues that will likely not be solved for years given the speed at which pull-requests are addressed, if at all. Even so- it hits most of the marks that I find most important to me.

But I'm also interested in what other people use; what other programmers find matter to them. So what text editors, or IDEs do you swear by (and please don't suggest VIM- it's overwhelming ;])?

I heavily utilize ChatGPT to generate .ics files to populate my Apple Calendar with various events, but I have been wanting to upgrade my time management and also use the Reminders app.

I recently used ChatGPT to help me populate a Trello board with tasks associated with a project I am working on, but I was getting annoyed with having my workflow split across Apple Calendar and Trello. I exported my Trello board as a CSV and was trying to have ChatGPT turn it into a file I could import into Reminders, but as it turns out, this is not easy.

.ics files do contain syntax for reminders tasks with due dates that populate the Apple Calendar, but generating an .ics file with only reminders tasks and importing into Calendar doesn’t actually work. Calendar recognizes that the .ics contains Reminders tasks and opens Reminders to import the tasks, but Reminders returns an error because it doesn’t support import, it only supports export to Calendar.

I found that Reminders has a Reminders.scpt dictionary file within the .app package that details .applescript commands that can create new tasks, so I fell into the world of AppleScript. The issue with AppleScript is that it was created in the 80s and hasn’t been updated since 2013. It has no native CSV support and is pretty clunky.

AppleScript does have text file support, so I was able to have ChatGPT convert my CSV into a .txt that I could parse with AppleScript. This allowed me to automate the creation of tasks in the Reminders app from my Trello CSV, but it was annoying and I still feel like there must be a better way.

Does anyone here use AppleScript regularly and know its full capabilities?

Also, are there any good resources out there for learning more about AppleScript? The Apple documentation is very out of date and it seems like more of a legacy language than something Apple regularly maintains.

When I first setup my NUC, I wanted to setup docker on it so that all the information is stored on the NFS mount I setup on my Synology mount. Meaning volumes and anything of that kind.

One issue that came up however, was that if my router experience a temporary glitch, the docker containers would then also experience an issue since they were trying to access information stored on the mounts and my system would freeze and I had to force a shutdown to get the mount to work correctly.

Which makes me wonder, what is the recommended way to have docker containers store their information on an NFS mount while also allowing taking into account that sometimes a networking issue or router issue might happen?

Hello smart ~comp people! I have a very basic, layman question. The kind of question I'm scared to make on Reddit and gettting flamed. Tildes is usually more patient ;)

Suppose that I get get a bunch of "best of" lists for several videogames. Like "the best RPGs on the Nintendo DS" for example. The lists have varying lenghts. Is there an easy way for me to combine those lists into one that doesn't require (really) learning to program?

I can follow instructions! Thanks!

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

This is a recurring post to discuss programming or other technical projects that we've been working on. Tell us about one of your recent projects, either at work or personal projects. What's interesting about it? Are you having trouble with anything?

I'm just copy pasting my reddit writeup since that's where the creator is active. For those curious the basic idea of cosmos (https://cosmos-cloud.io/) is home server with a push towards default safety stuff. Reverse proxy over your docker containers configured to not see beyond their world sort of thing so you can safely control access. I believe it's a one person project and still very much in development, but given that so many people just drop "roll your own, you just need to learn...." as the solution I find this to be vastly preferable, and maybe better than things like CasaOS

Post:
I've had less time than I hoped to really poke at this, so it's a bit rambly/stream of consciousness. Figured I'd put this up as a data point for anyone either considering cosmos, or maybe as some feedback. If anyone wants more detail on a specific part I'll gladly dive in, but for now if I don't put this up I never will. A very large thanks to the various people who guided me on the discord.

Techstack/layout/hardware:

1. Cloudflare domain with proxy active
2. Ubiquiti UDM Pro router
3. MS01 on Unbuntu, in default DMZ vlan
4. Client devices on other vlans(a secure VLAN, technically not the default but similar) or external to network

Personal skill level: I code for a living, but that's probably overstating my skill. Mostly light CRUD apps. Network is a MASSIVE blindspot that I know very little about. This project was in part to help fix that by getting me some practical experience. It's also GROSSLY overspecc'd for my skill level with some hope I can eventually do some more ambitious stuff.

Setup: I had installed Cosmos before and run it locally unsecured/self signed (as provided by just clicking on the button in cosmos), just to make sure I understood "intended" behavior.

My initial hiccups mostly revolved around me setting up port forwarding incorrectly in the router, so i'll skip most of that. Short version is misread something, went down the out of date documentation rabbit hole and then doubled down with some AI hallucinations. In the end it's MUCH easier than I was making it.

All i needed to do was setup a 443 port forward to the static IP of my Cosmos box. It's even limited to cloudflare IPs only, which was just taking the list provided by cloud flare and copy pasting it in. There's a section in ubiquitis network interface for this and it's very straight forward.

From there it was configuring the right tokens so I could do the cloudflare DNS Challenge, which is well documented (went the double token route rather than full key.) Once I found the right pages for that it was simple.

Made my tokens, but was confused as hell because in Comsos it says "you don't need to fill everything out" for cloudflare, and there's CLEARLY duplicate entries, so I wasn't sure if I needed to fill out both.

From what I can tell, you need to fill out the duplicates (so you will double enter your email and your key/tokens). You can leave blank things like timeouts or whatever you're not using (key if using tokens, token if using key). Some clarity on the dupe thing might help.

I do think a small guide on bare minimum DNS config would also help. I was using a root A record and a CNAME wildcard record, and I never got it to working with cosmos. Unsure if that's my fault or not, but when I changed the wildcard to another A record (so A record for root and A record for *), it started working. For someone like me who knows fuck all about any of this, there was a lot of stumbling around with DNS.

Of note I did select allow wildcard domains and .local domains on all attempts. No insecure http local access.

From there it, mostly, started working. Https enabled and everyone can connect....exceeeept .local domains.

This is the part i'm still struggling with. There's not a lot of documentation on .local, just "it will work if you check the box". I'm not sure if it clashes with https, or if i need to self sign, or if it really should be that easy.

My understanding is I just make new url for an app, call it whatever.local, and boom I should be able to connect so long as i'm one the same network.

In practice, I see no traffic hitting the server when I try this(unless on the server itself), and get timeouts from local clients (server does work). I got it to work once from a client on another vlan after trying to curl the https://whatever.local, but the next morning with nothing changed (went to bed right after and just left the machines running), it no longer worked.

I did 100% confirm this worked because I used filebrowser to transfer some large data at speeds that NEVER would have been possible if it wasn't over my local network(everything is wired, no wifi, hence the desire for .local access). Also worth noting that I CAN ping the server locally and ssh to it from my other network, so i'm confident the firewall/vlans are configured correctly for that.

Even for that brief moment when it was working, I STILL couldn't hit domain.local. It clearly exists, but if I can hit it (again from the server box or for that one moment from my other machine) I get the "you should use your domain address" text and cannot continue.

I suspect router shenanigans (i do have mdns enabled on all VLANS), but I'm having a hard time finding logs and what not for this. I'm also unsure if I don't know enough and am doing some config that obviously shouldn't work. I have toggled the "allow insecure local access" option in testing once or twice, but it doesn't seem to change anything. Not sure how long the delay should be.

Small things I noticed that might need fixing/expanding: 1. The initial admin account creation "your passwords do not match" help text is not in English. 2. Small thing but while browsing the market it seems there's a few configs that no longer work or aren't supported. EmulatorJS was the main one that seemed clearly done. 3. Hitting the domain, after logging in but not having touched it since forever, just gives you a "user unauthorized" warning but still lets you putter around the setup. 4. Related to that, it does sorta suck that right now even normal users see so much. I would like to hide a LOT of the interface for some of my users(just show them installed visible apps?), and while I can hide something like a new URL, I can't hide the URL screen, or the market, or whatever. It's "fine" but several test members had to be told "yes i know you can see that, no its fine, no you can't delete or edit, yes i know it looks like you can, yes i've tested, etc, etc" 5. In my testing, I did manage to get my domain IP banned by smart shield due to all the logging in and out. Was easy enough to bounce the box and get back in, but maybe a "heavy testing" mode an admin can enable that has smart shield chill for 30 minutes? Dunno how sane that is given the security first focus and I'm sure I could've whitelisted the IP briefly/neutered smart shield somewhere. 6. When entering your license key, you instantly see a "manage your license" button pop up. I emailed about it because I was confused and thought my license was busted, but just needed to scroll to the bottom and hit save. Just a flow thing that might wan to change. 7. Maybe an early "what is your goal" question? Local only vs using a domain vs using a domain and local access with adjusted config process to skip/auto handle things that could go wrong?
8. The "make admin only" checkbox on every app i've installed, that has it, doesn't appear to work. I have to go into the URL config and manually make it admin only from there. Maybe i'm misunderstanding where/how it's doing this, but some light testing seems to confirm that non admin accounts can access until I do that.

Side issues:

At some point in all this my Ubuntu took a spirited attempt at destroying itself and would let me login and then just show me a cursor and nothing else. Couldn't get to the terminal through the recommended ways, but after sshing to the box locally and changing uhh...the display driver I think?, it's mostly been working, but I cannot restart the machine without issues until I hard shutdown (hold the power button). I doubt this is related to cosmos (either caused by, or affecting behavior), but figure I should mention it just in case. Planning a full reinstall later.

Overall:

I do love it. Cosmos is trying to be something that I think should exist and yet for some reason does not. There's so many ways to screw something like this up and the "well just roll your own" approach is hellishly easy to screw up with extreme consequences. I have a few more upgrades/tweaks to do (get .local working, maybe reinstall the OS and the thus resetup from scratch, NAS for storage of some family videos/photos we want backed up in more than one spot), and I have mostly enjoyed how clear Cosmos has been.