• Activity
  • Votes
  • Comments
  • New
  • All activity

    3. What JavaScript framework should I use?

      ~comp Ask (recommendations)
      Little backstory. I'm the sole developer of delphitools, a collection of free and open source tools for artists, developers and just computer touchers in general. I'm using Next.JS and as such,...

      Little backstory. I'm the sole developer of delphitools, a collection of free and open source tools for artists, developers and just computer touchers in general. I'm using Next.JS and as such, React, but I don't think I like it anymore. DT is a completely offline exported application, and Next is meant for middleware-heavy apps with server layers, which I just don't have. I also just don't get on with React's endless use effect garbage and have little love for TypeScript, and if I'm honest, DT happens to be made like that because I wanted to try the shiny new thing. Now that I have around 60-ish individual micro-apps contained within, I think it's time for a rewrite.

      I'm therefore looking for discussion and insights on what tooling is best for me, on the following grounds:

      1. delphitools is export only. There's no server component and it runs completely in the browser. Server capabilities or middleware are not a concern.
      2. I'm not married to JavaScript as the runtime. It's just what I know best, I've been in the industry for a long time, although I'm more familiar with classic JS, not necessarily the JSX react syntax. I'm confident I could learn something new though.
      3. I'm looking for fast build times, a smart-ish compiler that can ideally hot reload and give me insights into bad practices (Next.JS does this quite well)
      4. As close to bare metal as possible, I can't begin to enumerate the amount of times the NextJS Turbopack auto-caching thing has caused me significant headaches.

      I'm a designer, not a developer, but I can manage my way around. I'm also not opposed to using Agents, but I would like to - if for my own sake more than anything - be able to work without them if need be. Suggesting Ruby that compiles to HTML or some other crazy new pipeline probably won't work.

      Curious to hear your experiences and recommendations. Thanks!

      17 votes

    6. What is your Mandela effect moment?

      ~movies Ask (survey)
      I just rewatched the movie Constantine. It's one of my favorite movies. I can always watch it again. But I'm sure the ending was different. I didn't find any record of an alternate ending online....

      I just rewatched the movie Constantine. It's one of my favorite movies. I can always watch it again. But I'm sure the ending was different. I didn't find any record of an alternate ending online.

      details/spoilers

      At the very end of the movie, he starts chewing a piece of (presumably) nicotine gum, but I'm certain that the ending I've seen before is that he lights a cigarette.

      He spent the whole movie being contrary and a constant asshole to everybody except Rachel Weiss' character (can't blame him). The gum seems totally out of character.

      28 votes

    8. Help with Amazon Glacier (original) data retrieval

      ~tech Ask (advice)
      Hi folks. I'm in way over my head with an AWS problem. Mainly because I don't understand how to use AWS at all, but in 2013 I used a tool called FastGlacier to backup my data (including baby...

      Hi folks. I'm in way over my head with an AWS problem. Mainly because I don't understand how to use AWS at all, but in 2013 I used a tool called FastGlacier to backup my data (including baby picture and videos) to Amazon Glacier. I also had them on a local drive and a HDD I gave to a friend. Alas, my drive failed a few years ago, and he lost the other in a move.

      Anyway, I'm not a coder, and AWS baffles me. I'd like to retrieve these data but don't know where to start. Would anybody well versed in AWS be willing to walk me through the process? The AWS guidance is over my head.

      Many thanks in advance.

      6 votes

    9. Favorite recipes you've come up with

      ~food Ask (survey)
      Hi all. I'm interested on hearing about recipes you've come up with yourself, whether completely from scratch or variation on an existing one. Maybe you were lacking an ingredient one day, and...

      Hi all. I'm interested on hearing about recipes you've come up with yourself, whether completely from scratch or variation on an existing one. Maybe you were lacking an ingredient one day, and subbed one that changed the recipe in a good way. Maybe you tried a dish at a restaurant that you love and attempted to recreate it at home. Maybe you had a bunch of leftover ingredients you didn't know what to do with, so decided to throw them all together and pray for the best. Or maybe inspiration struck suddenly one day for a perfect dish, and you gave it a shot. Would love to hear the backstory of the recipe if you have it. I'll start.

      Cincinnati style daal. The family chili recipe growing up was cincinatti/skyline style chili. I've thus always preferred my chili without beans, and I love the depth of flavor cincinnati style chili has. My family even likes to use ground turkey meat because we think it absorbs the flavors of the spices better than beef does. When I moved to the UK, I suddenly had access to excellent Indian food, daals now being one of my favorites. One thing that immediately struck me about daals was the depth of flavor in them. The lentils serve to add texture and some creaminess, but the spices in it are the highlight of the dish. In fact, this kinda reminded me of my family chili. I began wondering, could I make a daal but with the spices from my family chili? This would be pretty nice, as turkey is kinda hard to find outside of christmas time here and lentils are a good low-cost protein. Well, it turns out the cooking process for daal and my family's chili are pretty similar, so I took a black daal recipe from dishoom and tried subbing the cincinatti chili spices for the spices in the daal. Many of the other ingredients between the two recipes are similar. And it's come out pretty good! I'm still refining it, it lacks some umami without the meat, but I think the next batch will be great. Serving it with naan and cilantro, instead of spaghetti. Always with shredded cheese and chopped onions of course.

      Filipino Dip. One of my favorite recipes to make is chicken adobo, so easy to make and it's delicious. I usually have some chicken and sauce left after making a batch, and one day it occurred to me that there was enough sauce left I could dip a sandwich in it. Huh, that's kinda similar to a french dip. So I shredded up the remaining chicken, toasted a baguette, and sauteed a bunch of onions to add to the sandwich. It was absolutely delicious, and what I will be doing with my leftover chicken adobo from now on.

      St Patrick's Day Ramen. So, this year I decided to make my family's St Patrick's Day meal. Kinda hard to do in the UK, as corned beef is really not a big thing. (Yes, I know they have the tinned version, no, it's nothing like the real deal). But I corned my own beef, and then braised it in red wine, and invited friends over to share. Afterwards, with all the corned beef gone, a friend and I were looking at the braising liquid. There was a ton of it left, and it tasted frankly delicious. My friend pointed out that it reminded him of a ramen broth, and so an idea was born. I bought some thinly sliced beef from the local asian grocery store, and assembled the ramen with it, the noodles, cabbage, thinly sliced green apples (I know it seems weird, but it's used in the family cabbage recipe), and pickled garlic/cucumbers made from the leftover corned beef brine. It came out delicious, and will definitely be doing it next year.

      Oven roasted brussel sprouts and carrots. This came from a restaurant near me that unfortunately closed. They would make the most amazing, crispy, roast brussel sprouts and carrots served with a tangy, smokey dressing. After it closed, I would dream of these brussel sprouts, and I tried googling recipes to find something similar with no luck. I knew only a couple of things: that the head chef was Peruvian and said on the menu it had inspired this dish; there was mezcal in the dressing, likely providing the smokey component. So after researching Peruvian recipes, I've come up with a vinaigrette that's as close as I can remember: bragg's cider vinegar, juice from one lime, olive oil, salt and black pepper, and a splash of mezcal. If available, add a touch of aji amarillo paste. May need to add a little sugar for a hint of sweetness. It took some time to figure out a crispy brussel sprout too, as home ovens can't get as hot as a commercial kitchen, but also finally found an oven roasting recipe I was happy with.

      Looking forward to hearing everyone elses recipes!

      18 votes

    13. Defective D&D magic items

      ~games.tabletop Ask
      A while back I had an idea for some D&D magic items that were, in a shop keep's words, "Greatly discounted due to minor defects". The general idea was that these items would be a gamble to use...

      A while back I had an idea for some D&D magic items that were, in a shop keep's words, "Greatly discounted due to minor defects". The general idea was that these items would be a gamble to use each time, sometimes offering great benefits, sometimes offering catastrophic backfires, but all at a greatly discounted price any adventurer could afford. With my most recent addition (the Potion of Prior Authorization), it occurred to me that it could be fun to share my list here, for feedback and other potential additions to it. My hope is that the next time it's my turn to run a campaign, I can offer these items to my players.

      Weapons and Armor

      Broken Throwing Axe of Recall

      Weapon (Handaxe), Uncommon

      A heavy, pitted handaxe wrapped in frayed leather straps.

      • The Gamble: You can throw this axe at a target within range (20/60 ft). Immediately after the attack resolves (hit or miss), roll a d6:
        • 1–3 (The Pull): The axe locks in space and violently pulls you to its location, leaving you landing adjacent to the axe (or target) and knocking you prone if you travel more than 15 feet.
        • 4–6 (The Return): The axe flies straight back into your open hand.
      Shield of "Tag, You're It"

      Armor (Shield), Rare

      A beautifully polished steel shield painted with a vibrant red-and-white bullseye.

      • The Gamble: Grants +2 AC. When a ranged attack misses you, you can use your Reaction to attempt to deflect the projectile. Roll a d4:
        • 1: The projectile is redirected directly at you, automatically hitting for normal damage.
        • 2–3 (Random Target): The projectile is redirected at a random creature within 15 feet (excluding you). Roll randomly among all valid creatures in range (friends, foes, or innocent bystanders). The original attacker makes a new attack roll against that target's AC.
        • 4: You perfectly direct the projectile back at the original attacker, dealing maximum weapon damage on a hit.
      Dagger of the Overzealous Assassin

      Weapon (Dagger), Rare (Requires Attunement)

      A sleek, razor-sharp obsidian dagger that whispers encouraging murder tips to its wielder.

      • The Gamble: When you hit a creature with an attack using this dagger, you can declare an Overzealous Strike to deal maximum weapon damage plus an extra 3d6 Necrotic damage.
      • The Catch: The dagger demands follow-through. Immediately after resolving the attack, you must use your reaction to move adjacent to the next closest creature (friend, foe, or bystander) and make a melee attack against them. If no other creature is within reach, you must stab yourself.
      Helm of the Backseat Driver

      Wondrous Item, Uncommon (Requires Attunement)

      A sturdy iron helmet imbued with the spirit of a long-dead, incredibly critical dwarf adventurer named Barnaby.

      • The Gamble: While worn, the helm grants a +2 bonus to AC and Advantage on Initiative rolls (as Barnaby yells warning signs).
      • The Catch: You have Disadvantage on Stealth checks and Concentration checks. Barnaby never stops giving loud tactical feedback ("Watch the flank! No, your OTHER left!"). If you ignore his advice during combat, Barnaby pouts: the AC bonus drops to +0 until the start of your next turn.

      Wands, Rings & Cloaks

      Wand of Aggressive Empathy

      Wand, Rare (Requires Attunement by a Spellcaster)

      A twisted birch wand that vibrates with intense emotional resonance. Has 3 charges (regains 1d3 charges at dawn).

      • The Gamble: When casting a healing spell through the wand, spend 1 charge. The target receives maximum possible healing for that spell slot.
      • The Catch: The exact amount of HP restored is instantly dealt as Psychic Damage to a random creature within 50 feet (ally, enemy, or bystander--excluding the target and caster) as they are overwhelmed by the target's previous pain.
      Cloak of Screaming Invisibility

      Wondrous Item, Very Rare

      A magnificent crimson velvet cloak that smells faintly of throat lozenges.

      • The Gamble: You build up an "invisibility bank" by screaming at the absolute top of your lungs. For every 1 second (or 1 full round) you spend screaming out loud, you gain 10 seconds (or 10 rounds / 1 minute) of total Invisibility.
        • Attacking or casting spells does not break this invisibility.
      • The Catch: The screaming can be heard up to 300 feet away, instantly alerting the entire area to your presence before you go stealthy. While screaming to store up time, you cannot make Stealth checks or cast spells with Verbal (V) components.
      Ring of the Overconfident Gambler

      Ring, Rare

      A flashy gold band set with a single spinning die where the gem should be.

      • The Gamble: Before rolling a d20 for an Attack, Ability Check, or Save, you can call out a range of 3 numbers (e.g., "14, 15, or 16!").
        • If the die lands on ANY of your called numbers: It counts as an automatic Natural 20 (Critical Hit / Highest Success).
        • If it lands on ANY other number: It counts as an automatic Natural 1 (Critical Fail).
      Ring of the Dramatic Entrance

      Ring, Uncommon

      A flashy ring adorned with a polished ruby that sparkles a bit too brightly under ambient light.

      • The Gamble: Whenever you enter a room or combat encounter, you can trigger a flash mob of illusionary fanfare (pyrotechnics, trumpet blasts, and a choir shouting your name). Roll a d6:
        • 1–3 (The Hecklers): The illusion fails embarrassingly--a lone slide whistle plays as a phantom crowd boos. You take 1d4 Psychic damage and have Disadvantage on your first attack or initiative check.
        • 4–6 (Main Character Energy): All enemies within 30 feet who can see or hear you must succeed on a DC 13 Wisdom save or be Stunned until the start of their next turn out of sheer awe.

      Footwear & Accessories

      Boots of the Nudist's Escape

      Wondrous Item, Uncommon

      Light leather boots with wing patterns stitched on the sides.

      • The Gamble: Allows the wearer to cast Misty Step up to 2 times per day as a bonus action.
      • The Catch: The teleportation magic only transports organic material and the boots themselves. Every stitch of clothing, set of armor, backpack, weapon, and gold purse stays behind in a tidy, disappointed pile right where you were standing.
      Boots of Unpredictable Friction

      Wondrous Item, Uncommon

      Boots made of polished glass soles that constantly alter their texture.

      • The Gamble: As a bonus action, click your heels together to cast Expeditious Retreat (allowing you to Dash as a bonus action).
      • The Catch: When the spell ends, roll a d20:
        • Even: The soles become hyper-adhesive. Your movement speed drops to 0 until the end of your next turn.
        • Odd: The soles lose all friction. You immediately slide 15 feet in a random direction and fall Prone.
      Bag of Withholding

      Wondrous Item, Uncommon

      Acts like a standard Bag of Holding, but suffers from severe separation anxiety.

      • The Gamble: Reaching in to grab an item requires an action and a DC 12 check:
        • Strength (Athletics): Ripping the item out by force.
        • Charisma (Persuasion): Coaxing the bag into letting go.
      • The Outcome:
        • Success: You pull the item out cleanly.
        • Failure: The bag snaps shut, dealing Bludgeoning Damage. It refuses to open for anyone until the start of your next turn.
      Mirror of Honest Feedback

      Wondrous Item, Rare

      A handheld silver mirror that speaks in an insufferably smug voice.

      • The Gamble: As an action, hold the mirror up to an enemy within 30 feet to deliver a devastating personal critique. The target makes a DC 14 Charisma Save:
        • Failure: Target takes 4d6 Psychic damage and is Frightened of you for 1 minute as its self-esteem crumbles.
        • Success: The mirror turns to you instead, roasting your life choices. You take 2d6 Psychic damage and have Disadvantage on your next attack roll.
      Feather of Uncontrolled Flight

      Wondrous Item, Uncommon

      A bright peacock feather that twitches nervously when held.

      • The Gamble: As an action, hold the feather above your head to gain a Fly Speed of 60 ft for 1 minute (no concentration required).
      • The Catch: You can only fly in a straight line at full speed each turn. You cannot stop midway unless you hit a solid object (taking 1d6 Bludgeoning damage per 10 feet traveled). Changing direction requires your action and a DC 13 Strength (Athletics) check to manually shift your momentum.

      Consumables & Scrolls

      Potion of Prior Authorization

      Potion, Uncommon
      A colorless liquid that, for unknown reasons, appears jet black when inside of any container. Has a surprisingly bitter taste.

      • The Gamble: As an action, you drink this potion to submit a preemptive claim for emergency medical coverage. The coverage remains active for 1 hour. If you are reduced to 0 Hit Points while the claim is active, you do not immediately fall unconscious; instead, you immediately roll a d20 to process your claim:
        • 1 (Claim Denied -- Pre-Existing Condition): Your claim is flatly rejected. You fall unconscious as normal and immediately suffer 1 automatic Death Saving Throw failure due to processing delays.
        • 2–10 (Claim Denied -- Out-of-Network): Your claim is denied on the grounds that the damage type, enemy, or environment was non-covered or out-of-network. Nothing happens, and you fall unconscious at 0 HP as normal.
        • 11–19 (Claim Approved -- Subject to Deductible): Your claim is approved! You immediately regain 50% of your maximum Hit Points. However, to cover your deductible, you instantly lose gold equal to Your Character Level multiplied by 10 (or your highest remaining spell slot if you are broke).
        • 20 (In-Network Miracle): Fully covered with zero copay. You immediately regain 50% of your maximum Hit Points and gain Advantage on your next roll out of sheer bureaucratic relief.
      • The Fine Print: If you have taken damage from the same type of creature earlier in the day, the DM may rule the damage a "pre-existing condition," imposing Disadvantage on your claim roll.
      Potion of Delayed Reparations

      Potion, Uncommon

      A bright pink, fizzy liquid that tastes like strawberry soda and impending doom.

      • The Gamble: Drinking this potion instantly heals you for 4d8+4 HP.
      • The Catch: At a time to be determined by the DM, between now and 1d4 hours later, a spectral glowing fist materializes out of thin air and punches you square in the jaw. You take 2d8 Bludgeoning Damage, and must pass a DC 12 Constitution Save or be stunned for 1 round.
      Potion of Schrödinger’s Healing

      Potion, Rare

      A murky gray liquid locked inside a completely opaque lead flask.

      • The Gamble: Upon drinking, the DM rolls 4d4 for healing, but does not reveal the total to you. Your HP on your character sheet does not change.
      • The Outcome: The healing exists in quantum superposition. The exact moment you take damage that would drop you to 0 HP, the potion's health retroactively triggers 1 microsecond before damage is applied, potentially saving your life (or leaving you dead if the roll was too low).
      Scroll of Almost Fireball

      Scroll, Uncommon

      A scorched leather parchment that smells faintly of sugar and lemon juice.

      • The Gamble: Casts a 3rd-level Fireball spell (20 foot radius, range 150 ft).
      • The Catch: Instead of fire, the point of impact explodes with billions of aggressive Fire Ants.
        • Creatures in the area take 8d6 Piercing/Acid Damage (Halved on DC 14 Dexterity save).
        • The area becomes Difficult Terrain for 1 minute. Anyone starting their turn in the zone takes 2d6 Acid damage and must pass a DC 12 Constitution save or suffer Disadvantage on attack rolls due to ants crawling in their clothing.
      Scroll of Summon Bear (Subjective)

      Scroll, Uncommon

      A scroll bearing a crude drawing of a furry creature. The definition of "Bear" is left up to cosmic interpretation.

      • The Gamble: You cast the scroll to summon a creature for 1 hour. Roll a d4:
        1. The Ursine: A standard, extremely territorial Polar Bear. It attacks the nearest creature every turn (friend or foe).
        2. The Huntsman: A large, hairy, and very flamboyant Human Barbarian named Barry appears. He speaks with a booming voice, has a glorious handlebar mustache, gives great fashion advice. Barry wields a great axe (1d12 damage). He will defend you as long as you regularly compliment his mustache.
        3. The Softie: A tiny, mundane Koala. It has 3 HP and 0 attacks. Whoever carries it gains Advantage on Wisdom saves and immunity to being Frightened because it is absurdly calming to hold.
        4. The Drop Bear: A carnivorous Koala lands on the head of your target, dealing 3d6 Slashing Damage and blinding them until they spend an action to pull it off.
      45 votes

    15. Any other tenure-track faculty on Tildes?

      ~talk Ask (advice)
      I've got a "holy grail" TT faculty position at an R1 university, but I'm seriously considering leaving academia. It's a fit issue, and I've had a major mental health development that has...

      I've got a "holy grail" TT faculty position at an R1 university, but I'm seriously considering leaving academia. It's a fit issue, and I've had a major mental health development that has definitely changed the equation for me. I would welcome non-academic or non-TT or non-faculty input as well. It would be an immense life change for me and my family, so I'd like to look at it from all sides, and I think Tildes would be a great place to do that.

      Please let me know if you're interested in a discussion or just give freeform advice. I'll update this post with specific questions if this gets any traction.

      My thanks!

      25 votes

    17. iOS 14 and earlier will seemingly stop getting App Store app updates in 2027

      ~tech Ask
      When uploading an app I got this email: ITMS-90068: MinimumOSVersion too low - This app has a MinimumOSVersion of 13.0. Starting in Spring 2027, all iOS apps must have a MinimumOSVersion of 15.0...

      When uploading an app I got this email:

      ITMS-90068: MinimumOSVersion too low - This app has a MinimumOSVersion of 13.0. Starting in Spring 2027, all iOS apps must have a MinimumOSVersion of 15.0 or later in order to be uploaded to App Store Connect or submitted for distribution.

      These are old iOS versions, so this policy isn't going to affect many people but I thought I'd post anyway. I still have an old iPad with iOS 12 that's usable for reading and media. I think some apps are still supported and getting updates surprisingly. As a dev I still update Three Cheers for Tildes to support iOS 12 and up. No idea if anyone other than me uses that old version though.

      I like supporting the older iOS version because it means I can keep using this old hardware. Also knowing something runs on those old devices with okay performance, means it will be buttery smooth on any moderately recent iPhone/iPad. I mean, I can probably still install apps on it for my own personal use, just not distribute on the App Store.

      On the other hand supporting iOS 12 is just not practical and not really a good use of developer time, so this had to happen at some point.

      26 votes

    18. TV Tuesdays Free Talk

      ~tv Ask (survey)
      Warning: this post may contain spoilers

      Have you watched any TV shows recently you want to discuss? Any shows you want to recommend or are hyped about? Feel free to discuss anything here.

      Please just try to provide fair warning of spoilers if you can.

      4 votes

    25. Sanity check - always-on machine + laptop with remote desktop

      ~tech Ask (advice)
      I'm looking for a new laptop as my current one is falling apart, and one option that seems quite tempting at the moment is getting a desktop machine, leaving it running away in the background, and...

      I'm looking for a new laptop as my current one is falling apart, and one option that seems quite tempting at the moment is getting a desktop machine, leaving it running away in the background, and then accessing it using remote desktop software from a laptop (or even tablet) most of the time. My logic is that I want a fairly decent device for programming on and occasional games, but I also want something portable that I can carry into every room of my flat. I've also been experimenting more with Tailscale and using my laptop as a remote development machine and my phone as a dumb terminal while traveling abroad, and that's worked fairly well, so I'm interested in how far I can take this concept. Plus the idea of also being able to use my main device as a small homelab is kind of appealing as well.

      The plan would be:

      • Framework Desktop sits somewhere at home and is on all the time. My wife has a Framework laptop that she's quite impressed with, I realise the value proposition for desktop computers is less given there's already so much possibility to configure and upgrade, but I've never built a PC myself before and I don't want to complicate this setup too much.
        '* A dumb terminal device that I can carry around with me. For now, that'll probably be my current laptop as long as it lasts, but in the future maybe a cheap Chromebook or even a tablet that I can connect a keyboard and mouse to.
      • Moonlight/Sunshine setup for the remote desktop side of things. From what I can tell, this can stream both individual applications but also the whole desktop, and works with various clients.
      • Tailscale to access all of this outside the home. This is less important but it would be convenient. And if I go down the homelab direction, also for being able to access my self-hosted services remotely or running my personal website off my own hardware.

      Things I'm concerned about:

      • German connection speeds are, broadly speaking, poor, especially with upload speeds. I'm looking at maybe 300M down, 50M up. Inside my local network that won't affect me, but if I did want to take my laptop with me, I don't have a good sense of whether the remote desktop aspect is really feasible.
      • The Framework desktop - I like the company, and I like the idea of a repairable desktop that's still sold as a single unit and not something where I need to buy everything myself. But I also don't have a good sense of how much of a premium I'd be paying here, vs either building something completely from scratch or buying a more typical desktop
      • The laptop would probably live in the living room because that's where all the other technology (in particular the modem) in our house lives. It's fine if it makes a noise while I'm actively using it to watch things, but I'd need it to be very quiet the rest of the time. Framework does sell a fan that is specifically designed to be quiet, but I'm not sure if this is "it's quiet compared to having a normal computer fan on" or "it's quiet compared to having turned all my devices off for the night".

      Does anyone have any experience with this kind of setup, and is this something that would reasonably work, or am I completely missing something obvious that makes this a terrible awful idea that nobody should do?

      Thanks in advance!

      24 votes

    38. The magic is in the language

      ~tech Ask
      In all the hype and debate and excitement and frustration around AI, I think sometimes the fact that we've achieved something really cool gets lost. I want to talk about that a bit, which I'll try...

      In all the hype and debate and excitement and frustration around AI, I think sometimes the fact that we've achieved something really cool gets lost. I want to talk about that a bit, which I'll try to do in a simple way, without too much math or computer science.

      There's a surprising amount of intelligence encoded in applied language. To me that's the most remarkable insight in LLM technology. Except it's not really surprising at all. The whole point of language is to encode intelligence. Communication, at its core, is about sharing intelligence. LLMs agents are a way of turning the intelligence encoded in language, particularly written language, into useful work.

      You might imagine that language is just the starting point when building LLMs. That it gets converted into computer stuff and then it's not language anymore. But in a way it's language all the way down. Distill language into math and then run gradient descent on it and the intelligence (for lack of a better term) bubbles out.

      Forgive that hyperbole, but there is something a little bit magical about it, and the technology is entirely unmagical. The magic is in the language.

      At the core the tech is pretty simple. First you go and get all of the language. Just completely idiotic amounts of applied language. Because there's a threshold: if you don't use enough language you don't get a useful result. The more language you use, assuming it's good quality, the more useful the result.

      After you have all of the language, you convert it into tokens, which are essentially pieces of words represented as numbers. You also compute a compressed version of the relationships between the tokens. The frontier labs don't say how much this costs publicly anymore but it's safe to say hundreds of millions in compute are required for this process. Each time you do it.

      Once you've determined the token relationships, you've pre trained an LLM. You have the initial weights. At this point your LLM can output credible prose pretty reliably when you run inference on the weights. Meaning that you can take a given set of language tokens (a prompt) and determine which token should come next, over and over again, until you have a response. The fluency of the prose can be uncanny, and there are latent tendencies towards useful output, but you can't really do much with it yet.

      The next step, fine tuning, modifies the weights in order to nudge the inference towards useful things like instruction following, tool use and reasoning. Or a simulacrum of reasoning. Fine tuning is a massive, multi step, iterative process that turns your LLM into a useful tool that can do more than output believable prose.

      Something that's really fascinating to me about fine tuning is that what you're training is still the language relationship weights, and what comes out during inference is still language. But now it's language that is more likely to result in useful output and behaviors. Language is the substrate that LLMs reason through. A model that's more likely to infer the words "but what if I look at it another way" is more likely to consider multiple possibilities. A model that reliably infers language around tool use in appropriate situations is an agent. The behavior is encoded in the language.

      After tens of millions in fine tuning costs, assuming you got it right, you have the core of a LLM that can function as an AI agent. You can put it in a harness and ask it to do things in the language of your choice and it will actually be able to do them a shockingly high percentage of the time. It can even do things that weren't explicitly part of the training. That's something which has never happened before outside of science fiction. Until recently it was one of those computer sciencey things that was probably going to happen someday, after we were all dead.

      It sucks that this tech revolution is being driven by the capital class, and that it's happening as a mad dash for market domination and golden IPOs. In a more perfect world technology derived from collective human intelligence would be a public good rather than a profit driver.

      But nevertheless, the ability to imprint some part of human intelligence into an autonomous agent is a remarkable achievement. One that we can't yet see the full size of. And it's possible not because we typed instructions into an interface, but because we've spent centuries encoding our intelligence into language.

      38 votes

    42. What have you been watching / reading this week? (Anime/Manga)

      ~anime Ask (survey)
      What have you been watching and reading this week? You don't need to give us a whole essay if you don't want to, but please write something! Feel free to talk about something you saw that was...

      What have you been watching and reading this week? You don't need to give us a whole essay if you don't want to, but please write something! Feel free to talk about something you saw that was cool, something that was bad, ask for recommendations, or anything else you can think of.

      If you want to, feel free to find the thing you're talking about and link to its pages on Anilist, MAL, or any other database you use!

      8 votes

    44. CGA-2026-07 🕹️🔥⚔️ REMOVE CARTRIDGE ⏏️ Lufia II: Rise of the Sinistrals

      ~games Text 132 words
      Well, the time is about up for this month's CGA, so I hope everyone that gave Lufia II a shot enjoyed it and defeated the Sinstrals forever. JK, it's a prequel, we know they came back :) Please...

      Well, the time is about up for this month's CGA, so I hope everyone that gave Lufia II a shot enjoyed it and defeated the Sinstrals forever. JK, it's a prequel, we know they came back :)

      Please feel free to talk freely about the game in the comments and let everyone know how far you got, what you liked, and what you didn't.

      I was able to finish the game and I beat the ancient cave (my true goal) on my second attempt. Did anyone else give the ancient cave a try?

      Our next host is u/Boojum with the amazing game The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past. I'm super excited about this one, even though I've played it a dozen times, as it is my favorite Zelda game.

      18 votes

    47. What creative projects have you been working on?

      ~creative Ask (survey)
      This topic is part of a series. It is meant to be a place for users to discuss creative projects they have been working on. Projects can be personal, professional, physical, digital, or even just...

      This topic is part of a series. It is meant to be a place for users to discuss creative projects they have been working on.

      Projects can be personal, professional, physical, digital, or even just ideas.

      If you have any creative projects that you have been working on or want to eventually work on, this is a place for discussing those.

      13 votes

    48. Why does Opera GX rarely come up in browser discussions?

      ~tech Ask
      I'm curious about people's experiences with Opera GX, particularly because it seems to be largely absent from broader discussions about web browsers despite being probably one of the most...

      I'm curious about people's experiences with Opera GX, particularly because it seems to be largely absent from broader discussions about web browsers despite being probably one of the most advertised online.

      I tried it for a while, but I didn't find that it performed noticeably better than other browsers. My main impression was that it felt somewhat clunky, and that many of its more unusual settings and customization options added complexity without improving the actual browsing experience. I can understand the appeal of its visual style and gaming-oriented branding, but in practice, those features mostly felt unnecessary to me.

      I've used Firefox for the past couple of years and have been happy with both its performance and general usability. More recently, I've started using DuckDuckGo's app on my phone, and I'm considering trying the desktop version as well.

      For people who use Opera GX regularly, what does it offer that keeps you using it? Are there features that become more useful over time, or is its appeal mainly the interface and customization?

      I'm also interested in why it rarely appears in browser recommendations or comparisons. Is that because of technical concerns, Opera's reputation, privacy considerations, or simply because it occupies a fairly specific niche?

      27 votes

    49. Albums based on a recurring musical phrase

      ~music Ask (recommendations)
      I've always enjoyed collections of songs or musical pieces that weave a leitmotif throughout the progression of the entire album, whether it's up front and center or just discreetly referenced...

      I've always enjoyed collections of songs or musical pieces that weave a leitmotif throughout the progression of the entire album, whether it's up front and center or just discreetly referenced here and there, but I've also historically been crap at keeping track of them, so I figured I'd get recommendations. Do you know what I'm talking about? If so, what are your favorite modern albums that feature or hide a recurring short musical phrase? Videogame and film soundtracks are not only welcome but encouraged. Link if it's available online!

      Examples:

      21 votes